森林游憩开发中的盈利模式研究

森林游憩的深度开发 ,呼唤盈利模式的研究与运用。尝试提出森林游憩开发的技术路线 ,并对其开发的盈利模式进行探讨。     

Two new chalcone glycosides from the stems of Entada phaseoloides

Two new chalcone glycosides 4′-O-(6″-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-2′,4-dihydroxychalcone (1) and 4′-O-(6″-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-2′-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone (2) together with one known chalcone glycoside 4′-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2′-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone (3) were isolated from the stems of Entada phaseoloides. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HSQC, HMBC, ¹H–¹H COSY, and chemical evidences. This is the first report of chalcone-type compounds isolated from the genus Entada.     

切根、截顶对湿地松裸根苗生长调控效果的研究

在江西景德镇和安徽泾县布置了１年生湿地松裸根苗生长后期切和截顶试验，研究其对苗木形态和造林表现的效应及其例题应用制度。两年的结果表明，切根苗的高、径及主根形态指标均低于未切根苗，而侧须根系增加，早切根多次切根处理效应最显著。     

不同类型林分土壤微生物生理类群分析

本研究就三种不同处理林分土壤微生物生理类群的初步分析,表明杉木马尾松混交后有利于固氮微生物的生长,固氮微生物数量的增加,促进了混交林分生长;有利于氨化细菌的生长,氨化细菌数量的增加,又利于提高含氮有机物的分解和转化速率,从而提高混交林地土壤肥力;同时促进了纤维素分解菌的生长,利于有机物的转化和加快碳素循环速率,从而为植物生长提供更多的碳素和能源。因此,在混交林中杉木的平均胸径比对照提高24%,平均树高比对照提高21%;马尾松平均胸径比对照提高20%,平均树高比对照提高19%,可见营造杉、马混交林比纯林更具发展潜力,可实现树高、胸径积累的双赢。     

杉木营养平衡与苗木干物质的分配关系

详细研究了不同营养 (N、P、NP)条件下杉木苗木干物质在根冠的分配规律 ,结果表明 ,不同的营养条件可导致苗木光合产物在根冠发生明显再分配 ,苗木的营养状态和根冠干物质分配的关系规律可应用异速生长模型y =axk 来描述和刻划。基于营养与光合产物在根冠的再分配规律及异速生长模型参数k值对营养胁迫反应的敏感性变化规律 ,提出了新的营养平衡理论和营养诊断方法 (称之为苗木群体营养诊断法 )。营养诊断法则为 :(1)在某一营养条件下 ,如果苗木异速生长模型参数k <1时 ,表明根系相对生长速率高于冠层相对生长速率 ,苗木处于营养亏缺状态 ;(2 )当k >1时 ,表明苗木冠层相对生长速率高于根系 ,苗木处于营养过剩状态 ,一般在自然条件下 ,k >1是不会出现的 ;(3)当k =1时 ,表明根系和冠层相对生长速率相等 ,苗木处于营养平衡状态。根据新的营养诊断方法 ,制定了杉木叶片和土壤营养诊断标准 ,并通过大量的杉木幼、中、近熟林施肥试验结果验证了营养平衡理论的正确性。     

Influence of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary treatments on mechanical properties of blue-stained Lodgepole Pine wood

Three concentrations （2.8%, 2.0%, 1.2%） of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary （ACQ） was selected to treat Lodgepole pine wood for evaluating ACQ treatment on mechanical properties of blue-stained wood. The bending modules of elasticity （MOE）, modules of rupture （MOR）, toughness and shearing strength parallel to grain on tangential surface, are tested according to the criteria GB1927-1943-91. Non-treated sample were also tested according to the same procedure. The results showed that the three groups specimen impregnated by different concentrations of ACQ solution met the AWPA standard 2003 of America （UC4A 6.4g/cm^3）. There were significant difference of toughness between treated wood and non-treated wood （p=0.01）, but there were no statistically significant differences among three concentrations in terms of toughness, and toughness of treated wood was approximately 20% lower than non-treated. MOR, MOE as well as sheafing strength parallel to grain were found to be not significantly different between treated wood and non-treated one, and there were no statistically significant difference among three concentrations of ACQ too. Toughness, MOR, MOE and sheafing strength parallel to grain increased with decrease of concentration of ACQ, but they were hardly affected by ACQ preservatives.     

Ectomycorrhizal fungus (Paxillus involutus) and hydrogels affect performance of Populus euphratica exposed to drought stress

? Mycorrhizal fungi and hydrogels (water-absorbing polymers) can improve water availability for trees. The combination of both factors for plant performance under water limitation has not yet been studied.

? To investigate the influence of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus, hydrogel and the combination of both factors, a drought-sensitive poplar, Populus euphratica, was examined in this study.

? After 16 weeks of inoculation, no ectomycorrhizas were found. Nevertheless, P. involutus-inoculated poplars displayed increased concentrations of soluble sugars and osmolality, leading to an improved water status. Growth was diminished compared with non-inoculated P. euphratica. The presence of hydrogels in the rooting medium resulted in increased biomass and higher plant water content and decreased the osmolality of plant tissues. Drought markedly decreased water contents in rooting medium and plants, and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, and stimulated the root growth, concentrations of soluble sugars and osmolality in plants. Under drought conditions, P. euphratica exhibited osmoregulation by accumulation of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates.

? These data indicate that adding hydrogels to soils may improve the plant performance. The reasons for improved osmoregulation by fungi and hydrogels were probably related to their stimulating influence on the formation of soluble carbohydrates under drought conditions.

     

光肩星天牛对干旱胁迫下复叶槭挥发物的嗅觉反应

对干旱胁迫下3a生复叶槭的挥发物进行了鉴定。当复叶槭受到干旱胁迫时，9种化合物释放量升高(包括：丁醇、戊醇、反—2—己烯—1—醛、顺—3—己烯—1—醇、戊醛、戊酸、己醛、己酸、苯乙酮)，而长叶烯释放量降低：复叶槭复水后苯乙酮升高，但其他挥发物释放量降低。通过GC—EAD检测了光肩星天牛对其中某些化合物的触角电位反应，并使用诱捕器和人工合成单体进行了田间生测实验。丁醇、戊醇和顺—3—己烯—1—醇能引起光肩星天牛的触角反应，这一结果在田间实验中得到了证实。这表明干旱胁迫在光肩星天牛选择寄主植物方面起着重要作用。     

Pyrolytic characteristics of burning residue of fire-retardant wood

In order to investigate the pyrolytic characteristics of the burning residue of fire-retardant wood, a multifunctional fire-resistance test oven aimed at simulating the course of a fire was used to burn fire-retardant wood and untreated wood. Samples at different distances from the combustion surface were obtained and a thermogravimetric analysis (TG) was applied to test the prrolytic process of the burning residue in an atmosphere of nitrogen. The results showed that: 1) there was little difference between fire-retardant wood and its residue in the initial temperature of thermal degradation. The initial temperature of thermal degradation of the combustion layer in untreated wood was higher than that in the no burning wood sample; 2) the temperature of the flame retardant in fire-retardant wood was 200°C in the differential thermogravimetry (DTG). The peak belonging to the flame retardant tended to dissipate during the time of burning; 3) for the burning residue of fire-retardant wood, the peak belonging to hemicellulose near 230°C in the DTG disappeared and there was a gentle shoulder from 210 to 240°C; 4) the temperature of the main peaks of the fire-retardant wood and its burning residue in DTG was 100°C lower than that of the untreated wood and its burning residue. The rate of weight loss also decreased sharply; 5) the residual weight of fire-retardant wood at 600°C clearly increased compared with that of untreated wood. Residual weight of the burning residue increased markedly as the heating temperature increased when burning; 6) there was a considerable difference with respect to the thermal degradation temperature of the no burning sample and the burning residue between fire-retardant wood and untreated wood. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(3): 133–138 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]